Method of fertilizer application

ABSTRACT

An automatic soil sampler (10) removes soil samples (65) at known locations and transfers the samples to a packaging station (23) where the samples are packaged and identified. The packages (87) are left in a strip and moved to an analysis workstation (219) for analysis of soil. The results of analysis of each soil sample (65) is used for determining applications of a materials such as fertilizer in that same local region as the region where the soil sample was taken with an applicator (11B) moving over the same field.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/770,131, filed Dec.19, 1996, abandoned which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/286,476,filed Aug. 5, 1994, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to determine needs for fertilizerapplication on agriculture lands.

Each field for growing crops is known to contain several soil types,which may be classified according to relative content of sand, clay andhumus. There are several common soil types requiring different specificfertilizer for optimum production. Usually, each field contains varioussoil types placing different requirements in the different areas.

The most common practice is to fertilize the whole field according tothe demand of the poorest soils, or according to the demand of averagesoils, leading to the fact that many field areas receive more or lessfertilizer than optimum. This leads to a loss of excess fertilizer andpotential lowering crop yield in the whole area compared to optimumones.

There is a need for economical methods and apparatus to applyfertilizers according to the demand of specific areas in a field.

The prior art discloses methods for fertilizer application based onunification of soil types being determined from IR photography or soilmaps and administration of the predetermined rate of fertilizerapplication for the soil types.

However, even in the determined soil type, for instance, "light loam",the amount of clay and powder-like sand may vary in quite a wide range,not speaking of loam unification. It is also worthy to note the amountof irreversible coupled fertilizer that is inaccessible for plants, willbe dependent on the content of salts, clay and powder-like sand andhumus in each specific place of the field. Therefore, to applyfertilizer accurately, it is necessary to determine the fertility of thesoil in small regions of each field to provide accurate informationabout content of nutrients and micro elements in a given area forming agrid of the field. Obtaining soil samples over a small spaced grid, byfrequent sampling in an identified grid for a specific field permitsanalyzing the soil with sufficient frequency and accuracy to provideinformation about fertilizers to be applied.

The above-mentioned object is implemented by preparing a program ofapplying fertilizer, seed sowing or both, irrespective of the machineused, by means of composing a field map according to the motion pattern,subsequent soil sampling at known locations on the field intervalsdetermined by the device, marking the samples as to the location wherethey were taken and analyzing physical and mechanical properties withsubsequent determining the necessary level of fertilizer application foreach soil sample. The needed fertilizer is then applied.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for improvingthe accuracy of the application of fertilizer in local, small regions ofa given agricultural field. An apparatus is disclosed for obtaining soilsamples in preselected, identified, small field areas for subsequentlaboratory analysis, and from the analysis determination of the type andamount of fertilizer to be applied in each of the small areas.

An agricultural field is sampled in a "grid" pattern by operating aprobe that removes a core of earth, and deposits it into a baggingapparatus where it is sealed and identified as to a particular gridlocation from which it was obtained. The sample is then transported to alaboratory for analysis, and the soil fertility is determined so thatthe amount of fertilizer needed is determined, taking into accountseveral factors including the amount of particular types of fertilizerelements that are unobtainable by plants from the soil. The fertilizeris then applied in that particular grid section by either following thepath taken by the soil sampler or by separate navigation. The machineincludes a plurality of bins that can be filled with the packaged soilsamples, and each bin can be removed as a unit. The appropriateidentification is placed on each of the samples. The packaged soilsamples are removed to a laboratory station where they are analyzed, andthe soil fertility is determined for each individual area forming thegrid in the field. This information is then utilized for appropriatelyestablishing a grid map of the field based on needs of fertilizers to beapplied which can be put into an on-board computer on a fertilizingapparatus, and upon proper location by retracing the path of the sampleror by navigation, such as GPS navigation, so that it is known that thefertilizer applicator is in a particular grid section, and the exactamount and type of fertilizer can be applied in each section.

The fertilizer applicator will generally follow the path or very closeto the same path as the soil sampler, and the position of the fertilizerapplicator can be determined on the basis of x-y coordinates for thegrid, which would be used for identification of the soil samplethroughout its packaging and analysis steps.

Additionally, the lines along which the sampling is taking place can bemarked in a suitable manner by either digging a small furrow along sidethe line of sampling, or putting a spray paint trace on the ground sothat the subsequent fertilizer application can follow the center linepath of the prime mover moving the soil sampler. The method includestrying the soil sampling, soil analysis, and fertilizer applicationtogether.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a soil sampling system used toestablish a grid pattern;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary schematic top view of an automatic soil sampler;

FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the sampler of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic rear view of the sampler of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a further detailed side view of the automatic soil sampler;

FIG. 5A is an enlarged side view of a soil sampling probe assembly;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the soil sampling probe and drive wheelassembly used with the device of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a top schematic view of an indexing device for indexing asample storage trailer about an upright axis;

FIG. 8 is a view taken as on line 8--8 of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a fragmentary top plan view of a packaging station utilizedwith the soil sampler;

FIG. 9A is a side view of the packaging station used with the soilsampler;

FIG. 10 is a view of a heat sealer section bar for the packaging system;

FIG. 11 is a side view of the heat sealer control linkage arrangementshown schematically and alone for purposes of illustration;

FIG. 12 is a side view of a package material moving or advancing linkagearrangement shown individually and schematically for purposes ofillustration;

FIG. 13 is a schematic hydraulic diagram used with the automaticsampler;

FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of the controls for the automatic sampler;

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a soil sample analysis work station;

FIG. 16 is a block diagram for preparing a program of materialapplication onto a field from which soil samples are taken; and

FIG. 17 is a block diagram of an automatic system for fertilizerapplication on the same field using a program developed from individualsoil samples.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an automatic soil sampler 10 movingover a field 12 in a back and forth motion pattern used by a fertilizerspreader, and providing a series of samples of soil at selected spacing(10-15 meters) along each path to provide samples across a field in agrid. The data on the grid spacing and sampling depth are entered into amemory that also provides an x-y location of each sample taken foridentification. The sample depth can be preset by suitable adjustmentsprior to sampling.

The grid spacing is determined by the parameters "a" and "b" where "a"is distance between adjacent samples, and "b" is the coverage width of afertilizer spreader again perhaps 10-15 meters.

To determine the grid spacing for the map, a marker with a distancesensor or other navigation means may be used in a known manner. GPSnavigation permits accurate x-y coordinates or an odometer 11A (such asa radar odometer) on a towing vehicle 11 can give the "y" distance froma start signal that can be given by an operator at the start of eachpass down the field from each end. The "x" distance shown at "b" may beestablished by foam markers 13 which are correlated to a start positionin the field and give the lateral offset of each pass of the sampler.

The soil sampler 10 is a machine designed for automatic on-line soilsampling from the cultivated field. The soil sampler is attached to thevehicle 11 (FIG. 2), which has a boom 14 dropping the foam markers 13,the vehicle has a hydraulic system and electric power supply system.

The automatic soil sampler consists of two-wheel attachable trailer 16having a frame which is mounted on wheels 19 (FIG. 3). Soil samplingprobe assembly 20, a sample packaging station 23, a packed samplecontainer or collector 24, and a marker system 25 for marking the pathof the soil sampler.

The soil sample 65 that is removed from the soil is lifted over thecontainer 24 on the trailer 16, and is deposited between two sheets ofplastic, heat sealed into an individual package, and then the individualsample is stored until it is taken to a testing station.

The soil sampler 10 as stated is a trailing unit with a trailer 16having a frame 18. At the rear of the frame 18 is the sampling probeassembly 20, which is mounted on a pivoting frame 29 to the frame 18.The frame 29 can be made with a pair of legs 29A and 29B (see FIGS. 5and 6), that are pivoted as at 31 at the rear of the frame 18. Ahydraulic actuator 32 is attached at one end to the frame 18 as shown at33, and the rod end of the actuator is attached as at 34 to the frame29. The frame 29 has suitable braces, and pivots as a unit about pivotaxis 31 when the hydraulic actuator 32 is extended or retracted. Theouter end of the frame 29 mounts a sampling probe assembly 20, includinga wheel 37 that engages the ground, and is rotatably mounted with asuitable hub 38 supported on the frame member 29A, in a suitable mannerto a shaft 40. The wheel 37 is permitted to rotate on shaft 40 which issupported in a hub 38 fixed to frame 29 with a support block 38A. Aclutch and brake assembly of conventional design and indicatedschematically at 41 is used to apply a brake to shaft 40 and disengagewheel 37 to permit it to freely rotate and to engage a clutch todrivably connect wheel 37 to shaft 40 and permit shaft 40 to rotate inanother position. The two positions of the clutch, and brake 41 arecontrolled electrically and can be preprogrammed. A single revolutionclutch, that is a clutch that permits one revolution of the wheel eachtime it receives a signal and otherwise locks shaft 40 while wheel 37rotates, also can be used. The brake can be a positive stop gear and dogarrangement.

When the clutch engages the wheel 37 will drive the shaft 40. The shaft40 in turn is drivably connected to a drive arm assembly 43, and as canbe seen in FIGS. 5, 5A, and 6. An outer end of drive arm 43 pivotallymounted at 44 to a soil sampler probe mounting block 44. The probemounting block 44 movement is controlled by arm 43 and a parallellinkage arrangement including a control link 46 having an end pivotallymounted at 44B to the probe mounting block 44, and also pivotallymounted at 45 to a support block 48 attached to an upright frameassembly 50. Frame assembly 50 attaches to the frame 29. The probemounting block 44 rigidly mounts a tubular soil probe 52, which is ofconventional design having an end portion 52A which will penetrate thesoil. A cylindrical sample or core of soil will be received in theinterior of the probe 52, when the probe penetrates the ground as shownin dotted lines in FIG. 5. An ejector rod 54 is slidably mounted in abore in the probe mounting block 44, and will slide through the interiorof probe 52, when pushed in the direction to eject the soil sample fromthe end 52A of the probe. A roller 54A is used at the outer end of therod 54, and a spring 54B holds the rod 54 in its retracted position, asshown in FIG. 5, under normal conditions.

The parallel links comprising the drive arm 43 and the control link 46will maintain the probe 52 in a substantially vertical position as it isrotated by drive arm 43 and the drive wheel 37 when the clutch 41 isengaged.

The start and end of each cycle is shown in dotted line position inFIGS. 5 and 5A. As can be seen in FIG. 6, the frame 50 has two uprightlegs, with a cross bar 50A at the top, but in the position shown in FIG.5A, the probe 52 will be nearly at a maximum height position with theroller 54A spaced away from frame 50 slightly relative to when theclutch 41 disengages and locks shaft 40.

While the wheel 37 for the driving and sampling probe is shown as asmooth wheel, it can have suitable drive lugs or thread and preferablyis a pneumatic tire.

Frame 29 and the upright frame 50 will move as a unit when pivoted byactuator 32, and carry the wheel 37 and probe assembly upwardly when theactuator 32 is extended. This will move the wheel 37 to the dotted lineposition shown in FIG. 5. As the frame 29 moves upwardly, it can be seenthat the frame 50 and the roller 54A of the rod 54 will move to overliea packaging unit support frame 60 that is supported on the trailer frame18, and extends upwardly. There is an upright frame member 61, as shownat the rear of the trailer frame, and a horizontal overhead frame member62 all of which are positioned so that they do not interfere with thetrailer body or container 24 on the trailer frame 18.

The frame 60 includes an actuator plate shown at 64, at the front of theframe, and as the pivoting frame 29 is moved up over the top member 62,the roller 54A will engage the plate 64, and this will cause the rod 54to be pushed into the probe 52 and expel any soil sample that iscontained therein. Such a soil sample is shown at 65 in FIG. 5. The rod54 can have an end plate that fits closely on the interior of probe 52to aid in pushing the soil sample out.

Actuator plate 64 is made so that it will fit in between the uprightmembers of frame 50. The cross member 50A is moving in an arc, as frame29 pivots and the plate 64 is made to be clear of the cross member 50Aas the cross member moves past the plate 64.

When the frame 29 is in its dotted line position shown in FIG. 5, thesoil sample 65 will be ejected into a region between a pair of sheets ofplastic shown generally at 68 in FIG. 5 that will be used for packagingthe soil sample in packaging assembly 23 that is supported on a frame 70of suitable design. Frame 70 in turn is supported on the frame 62.Schematically this arrangement is shown in FIG. 3 as well, with the soilsample 65 being pushed out of the probe 52.

In FIGS. 11 and 12, the end view of the probe 52 in the position inwhich it is placed when the soil sample 65 is being dropped. It shouldbe noted that the probe 52 is not aligned with the supply rolls ofplastic in which the soil samples will be packaged, so the soil samples,when ejected will fall between the sheets coming from the rolls.

In FIGS. 9, 9A, 11, and 12, details of the packaging station 23 areshown. Sealed bags for the individual soil samples are formed in a long"chain" of samples. The schematic showing of FIGS. 3 and 4 is alsoreferred to.

Frames 60, 62 and 70 are made to support the linkages. The packagingassembly 23 is mounted above a rear section or compartment of thetrailer 16. The frame 60 is supported in an open center formed by foursample containers 165, as shown on trailer frame 18, and extendsupwardly to above the trailer frame where overhead frame 62 and uprights61 support frame 70 of the packaging station 23.

FIG. 9 illustrates an end view of the linkage used. The probe 52 ispositioned between a pair of guide rolls 75, 75 that are rotatablymounted on opposite sides of the probe 52. The rolls 75 guide sheets ofsuitable plastic film indicated at 76 from suitable supplies 78. Thesupplies are large rolls that are rotatably mounted in a convenientlocation. The guide rolls 75 position the sheets 76 so that they arespaced apart sufficiently to permit the probe 52 to pass between, and sothat when the probe 52 expels the soil sample 65, the samples will dropinto the "bight" portion indicated at 79. The bight portion 79 isimmediately above a heat sealing station indicated at 82 which has apair of operable and closable heat sealers 83A and 83B. The heat sealers83A and 83B are generally "H" shaped, with a long center bar 86A and 86B(parallel to the axis of the probe 52). The heat sealers 83A, 83B haveend edge portions 84A and 84B that mate along a parting line and sealer83A has a resilient gasket on its edges for compressing the plastictogether. When the heat sealer 83A is heated with a suitable electricheater 85 (FIG. 10), and as the heat sealers 83a, 83B are movedtogether, they seal the two sheets of plastic from supplies 78 togetherto form a package. The edge portions 84A, 84B and bars 86A, 86B willmate to seal the parts of the two sheets 76 aligned with the matingsurface, When the heat sealers are closed and positioned as shown inFIG. 9, the plastic sheets 76 will be spaced apart at bight portion 79above the heat sealer sections, but will be fused together along theedges 84A and 84B, as well as along the center rib 86, to form a pocketthat is open at the top. This sealing will also close off any previouslyformed pocket that is in the lower parts of the heat sealers 83A and 83Band below, and will seal along the edges or ends as well as along thetop of the lower section to form a soil sample package 87 (FIG. 11).

The sealers 83A, 83B are controlled to reciprocate, and move away fromthe plastic sheets a sufficient amount so that a soil sample coreindicated in dotted lines at 65 in FIG. 9 will be permitted to passbetween the bars 86A and 86B to permit the sealed plastic sheets to bepulled down for receiving the next soil sample. When the sealers 83A and83B are opened or retracted, a soil sample package advancing mechanismshown at 90 will be actuated to pull the plastic sheets and the packagethat has been previously partially formed and the soil sample for thatpackage 87 downwardly sufficient to advance the plastic sheets one step.The soil sample that previously was above the bars 86A, 86B now would bebelow the bars 86A, 86B. The sealers 83A, 83B are then closed again toseal the top half of the previously formed package and enclose that soilsample, and form the bottom half of a new package 87. The bottom half ofthe new package is separated from the previous soil sample by the sealalong bars 86A, 86B. The package advancing mechanism and the operationof the heat sealing members are synchronized to achieve this result. Thepackages 87 are left in a strip.

The individual linkages for the heat sealing station 88 and advancingmechanism 90 are shown separately in FIGS. 11 and 12, and are showntogether in a front view relative to the overall soil sampler in FIGS.9. A schematic top view is shown in 9A. These figures illustrate one waythat linkages can be mounted, but other ways can also be utilized.

The two heat sealer sections 83A and 83B extend across the packagingstation and are mounted on opposite ends of each of the heat sealermembers. The links 92 are connected to cross pipes shown at 93 so thatthey form a "yoke" that extends to opposite ends of the heat sealers 83Aand 83B. A pair of arms 94, respectively are connected to opposite endsof the tubes 93, on each end of heat sealers and the pair of arms 94 oneach end are mounted to a common pivot pin shown at 95. The pin 95 issupported on a bracket connected to a fixed arm 96 that is supportedback to a frame member of frame 70. A scissor type linkage 98 isconnected between the arms 94 on each end of the heat sealers 83A, 83B,and is operated through a control arm 99 that pivoted as at 100 to firstends of both of scissor links 98 on each side of the heat sealers. Thepivot 100 is a common pivot for the pair of scissor links 98. Theopposite ends of the scissor links 98 are connected at pivots 101 to therespective arms 94.

The arms 99 are fixed to a cross tube 108 that is pivoted on supportsforming part of frame 70. The cross tube 108 and arms 99 are operated bya hydraulic actuator 103 that in turn is mounted to a fixed arm 104(FIG. 11) attached to the frame 70 in a suitable manner, and in a properposition by utilizing a fixed tube 104A to properly position the arm104. The actuator 103 in turn has its rod end connected to an arm 105which is part of a pivoting assembly including the arm 99. The arm 105is pivoted at 107 to a control arm 108A that is attached to cross tube108 to which arms 99 are attached.

The tube 108 has a stop and control arm 112 attached thereto as well. Astop member 113 is mounted on this control arm and overlies a crosspiece 113A on the arm assembly 105, and provides an abutting stop as arm105 pivots upward about pivot 107. A spring 114 is attached to thecontrol arm 112 as well, and provides a force urging the arm assembly105 toward the stop 113.

As the actuator retracts, the arm 105 will be lifted against a stopmember 113 and arm 99 will move the pivot 100 downwardly and separatethe upper ends of the links 94, and thus move the arms 92 apart, therebyseparating the heat sealers 83A and 83B.

The stop 113 is adjustable and when the actuator 103 is retracted, theamount that the arms 99 move can be adjusted. The force from theactuator 103 will cause pivoting of the tube 108 relative to its supportback to the frame 70, and cause the scissor linkage to open up the heatseals 83A, 83B. The spring 114 will be extended when the actuator 103extends and urges the arms 99 upwardly as arm 105 moves downwardly. Theclosing of the heat sealers by action of the scissor links as pivot 100moves upwardly is under spring force of spring 114 when the actuator 103is fully extended and the heat sealers are in engagement, plate 113A isspaced from the end of stop 103 so the heat sealers 83A, 83B are springloaded together.

FIG. 12 provides a more detailed view of the linkage utilized for thesample package advancing mechanism 90, mechanism 90 pulls the packagescontaining the soil sample downwardly to pull lengths of plastic sheetsfrom the supply rolls 78 after the heat sealing members 83A and 83B havebeen retracted or opened so that they are not engaging the plasticsheets 76.

The frame 70 is used for mounting a linkage assembly 120, which includesa pair of sheet clamps indicated at 121A and 121B that have resilientpads 122A and 122B on each side of the plastic sheets, and these padsare positioned so that they will engage the sheets approximately at alocation where the previous cross sheet heat seal was made by the bars86A and 86B. The pads are essentially parts of the clamp assemblyincluding a separate pair of brackets 123, on each outer side of the twoplastic sheets 76. The pair of support brackets 123 on each side of theplastic sheet are mounted onto cross tubes 124, which extend across thewidth of the plastic sheets. Support links 125 are attached to oppositeends of each tube 124. The support links 125 on each end of themechanism have outer ends pivotally mounted at a common pivot 126.

A pair of scissor links 128 on each end of the package advance mechanismpivotally mounted as at 130 at their first ends (on a common pivot) to asecond arm 132. The arms 127 and 132 form a parallel linkage, as will beexplained. The opposite ends of the scissor links 128 are pivotallymounted as at 133 to mid portions of the control arms 125, 125 on eachend of the package advance mechanism.

The arms 127 are mounted on a cross tube 135, and the cross tube has armassembly 127A extending in opposite directions from arms 127.

The arm 132 is mounted onto a cross tube 137, that extends across thewidth of the package advance mechanism so that the arms 132 on oppositesides of the mechanism are joined together to move in unison. Armportions 132A are fixed to tube 137 and extending in an oppositedirection from the arm 132. Arm portions 132A are used as actuationportions.

The ends of the arm portions 132A and 127A have a hydraulic actuator 140mounted between them. The actuators 140 are mounted as at 140A to theend of the arm 132A, and as at 140B to the end of the arm 127A. Thetubes 135 and 137 are pivotally mounted in suitable supports 137A and135A to the frame 70, and supported in a suitable manner in the properlateral location. When the actuator 140 is extended, pivots 130 and 126will tend to move together causing the scissor links 128 to spread thearms 125 apart, so that the clamp members 121A and 121B will separate. Atension spring 141 can be provided between the arms adjacent theactuator 140 to provide a spring load to cause the actuator 140 toretract under the spring load and to spring load the clamp members 121Aand 121B together.

The clamps 121A and 122A can be moved down to their dotted line positionpulling the plastic sheets with them, along with any soil sampleillustrated in dotted lines after the heat sealers 83A, 83B have openedby operating an actuator 144 that is mounted onto a fixed arm 145 thatis attached to the frame 70, and which has its opposite end connected tothe arm portion 132A. When the actuator 144 is extended, the mountingpivot 144A where the actuator mounts to the arm portion 132A will bemoved upwardly as shown in FIG. 12 and this will cause the parallellinks 127 and 132 to pivot on the tubes 135 and 137 and in turn move thepivots 130 and 126 downwardly in unison because of the parallel linkagearrangement. The actuator 140 acts as a link at one end of the parallellinkage.

Once the actuator 144 has moved the partially formed pocket at the tophalf of the heat sealers and the finished package below the heat sealersdownwardly by a selected index amount, the clamp members 121A and 121Bwill be opened or retracted by extending the actuator 140, which movespivots 126 and 130 together and spreads arms 125 as shown by dottedlines in FIG. 12. The cylinder 144 will then be returned to its solidline position shown at FIG. 12 with clamp members 121A, 121B alignedwith a heat seal line for a sealed package containing a soil sample. Theclamping takes place above a soil sample that has been fully packaged.

In the position shown in FIG. 12, the soil sample 65 indicated in dottedlines just below the dotted line showing of the heat sealers 83A and 83Bwill be held in a package that has been sealed on ends, with a crosssheet heat seal underneath the soil sample. The heat sealers 83A and 83Bare again actuated and a soil sample just below the heat sealers isfully encapsulated in a plastic package with the complete heat seal atthe top.

All of the soil samples shown in dotted lines will be in packages thatwill be left in a continuous chain. Each of the packages will beidentified in a suitable manner, either by way of manual identification,or by knowing the start and end position of each pass or path and thedistance from the start of a pass to correspond to the known position ofthe sampling probe when the particular soil sample was removed from thesoil.

In FIGS. 7 and 8, a schematic showing of a turn table type trailerassembly is illustrated. In FIG. 8, the main frame 18 is shown with across member 150 that mounts a hub 151 in which a turn table actuatorshaft 152 is rotatably mounted. Actuator shaft 152 has an arm 153attached thereto, which as shown, has the one beveled end, and is usedfor indexing a trailer rotating frame 155. The rotating frame issuitably mounted on a wall bearing arrangement indicated at 156 onto theframe 18, and the frame 18 can have suitable supports underneath theturn table frame 155 as desired. The turn table frame 155 has a numberof cross members including inner cross members 160 and 161 on whichdrive rollers 162 are suitably placed. The drive rollers 162 as shownare at four different locations, and they are aligned vertically withthe drive arm 153. The opposite end of the shaft 152 has a link 164 thatis connected to the rod end 165 of a hydraulic actuator 166 which inturn is connected to the frame 18. When the actuator 166 extends to itsdotted line position as shown in FIG. 7 it will drive one of the rollers162 and will rotate the turn table 90°, as shown by the dotted lineposition of the arm 153. In this manner, four different sample hoppersor containers 168 removably mounted onto the turn table frame 155 can bepositioned underneath the packaging assembly. The sealed packages ofsoil samples are deposited in the containers. These containers orhoppers 168 can be removed from the frame utilizing a suitable forklift,or other means, and then they can be transported to an analysislaboratory for running a complete soil analysis on the individual soilsamples.

The automatic soil sampler is placed at the beginning of the first passin the field, and a controller 168 is turned on by a switch 169 of thecontrol panel (FIG. 14). Heater 85 begins to operate when the switch isturned on. After the heater 85 reaches operating temperature, thecontroller turns on a switch 170 that operates either on a time delay orwith a thermal sensor. A sensor 172 indicates that the probe is abovethe packaging station, and the controller 168 generates control commandsto close switches 173 and 174 (FIG. 14). Switch 173 energizes a solenoid176 so that the actuator 103 for the heat sealers is extended byoperating a valve 175 (FIG. 13) and the arm 99 is moved up to close theheat sealers 83A, 83B. The plastic sheets are then sealed together withthe heat sealers 83A and 83B, to form an open top package into which asoil sample can be dropped.

A switch 174 energizes a solenoid 177 to operate a valve 178 (FIG. 13),in turn operate actuator 32 and lower the frame 29 so that the wheel 37engages the ground. After the delay necessary to seal the plastic sheetstogether to form the open top package, the control unit generates asignal to close the switch 180 to energize a solenoid 181 which actuatesa valve 182 (FIG. 13) in a direction to operate the actuator 140 toretract and thereby clamp the plastic sheets between the clamps 121A and121B.

Next, in the sequence, the controller 168 will open switch 173 andactuate a switch 183 to operate a solenoid 184 for valve 185 and causethe actuator 103 to retract, and pivot the arm 99 downwardly operatingthe scissor linkages to move the heat sealers 183A and 183B away fromthe plastic sheet, after of course, the heat seal has been completed.

When the heat sealers are opened the controller closes a switch 186.Then, the controller will actuate a switch 186 to energize a solenoid187 to operate a valve 188 that will cause the actuator 144 to extendand move the arms 127 and 132 and the clamps 121A, 121B down, to in turnpull the sheet material that had been previously heat sealed in heatsealers 83A and 83B downwardly a desired indexed amount. The partiallyformed package is pulled through the open heat sealers.

At a desired time, after the plastic sheets have been advanceddownwardly, the switch 183 will be opened, relaxing the solenoid 184 andswitch 173 will close energizing the valve 175 to extend the actuator103 and reclamp the heat sealers 83A and 83B in a new position on theplastic sheets to seal the top of the previously open top package andsimultaneously form another open top package that is open at the upperends of the heat sealers 83A and 83B.

The controller will open switch 180 and close a switch 179 that actuatesa solenoid 179A to move valve 182 so the actuator 140 extends and theclamps 121A and 121B open. The controller will then at an appropriatetime, actuate a switch 189 and open switch 186. Switch 189 energizes asolenoid 189A to cause valve 188 to move actuator 144 to raise theclamps to position them as shown in solid lines in FIG. 12, ready torepeat the advancing of the plastic sheets at the appropriate time.

At the start of each field pass as a way of identifying the soil samplestaken during each run, a manual switch 190 is used to input a signal tothe controller simulating a signal from sensor 172, to form three emptybags to indicate the start of a run or pass along the field. Then, amere count of each succeeding package is needed for identifying theindividual samples, and the location where each sample was taken so whenapplying fertilizer, for example, the proper amount is applied asdetermined by the analysis of each soil sample. Since the first pass isknown the end and start of each subsequent pass also can be counted. Thesequencing of the manual switch 190, can be delayed somewhat from oneanother so that the package sequence will be repeated. In the manualsequence, wheel 37 would continue to engage the ground and frame 29would not be raised and lowered.

When the suitable indication of a start of a field pass or run has beenmade, as disclosed, by having three empty sealed packages formed in arow, the vehicle 11 will begin its motion along the path as shown inFIG. 1. Odometer sensor 11A will provide a signal of distance after thevehicle has moved a desired amount from its start. The controller willclose a switch 192 to energize a solenoid 193 which will cause theclutch-brake 41 to be moved to engage the clutch shown at 41A in FIG. 3,to couple the wheel 37 to the shaft 40, and release the brake or lock(41B in FIG. 3) so that the shaft 40 can be rotated as the wheel 37turns.

The arm 43 will drive the probe mounting hub 44, and the probe 52 sothat the probe will enter the ground as shown schematically in FIG. 3,while the probe maintains its vertical orientation. The forces forinserting the probe into the soil is provided by holding the actuator 32at its lowest position, and the pressure in actuator 32 can act againsta suitable relief valve so that a suitable amount of soil for a sampleis captured in the probe, and held inside the probe by the frictionforce. If the probe encounters a solid object such as a stone or thelike, the wheel 37 will actually be raised up against the force of thecylinder 32 because of the yielding permitted by the relief valve andthe probe will continue to penetrate the ground while the vehicle movesforwardly to rotate the shaft 40 until such time as the wheel 37 againcontacts the ground and lifts the probe up from the soil.

When the probe 52 reaches its upper position in rotation with shaft 40,as sensor illustrated schematically in FIG. 3, provides a signal along aline 195 to the controller 168 indicating that a sample has beenreceived in the probe. The controller opens switch 192 to disengage theclutch 41A and set the brake or lock 41B. Also, the controller opensswitch 174 and closes a switch 196 to energize a solenoid 197 andoperate the valve 182 in a direction to extend the actuator 32 and liftthe frame 29 and the probe assembly upwardly to its position overlyingthe packaging station. The soil sample comprising the core of soil takenis ejected by movement of the rod 54 as the roller 54A acts against theplate 64. Schematically shown, sensor 172 (FIG. 3) indicates when theprobe 52 has reached its ejection position, so that the soil sample 165is removed from the probe 52, and there is a signal input along a line202 to the controller (FIG. 14). This is the first sample in a vehiclepath, and an appropriate mark was made on the open top package that hadjust been formed by the heat sealers 83A and 83B for identification ofthe sample that is dropped into the open top package.

The operational cycle is then repeated, and the probe is lowered byoperating the actuator 32 in an opposite direction by opening the switch196 and engaging switch 173 and solenoid 177 to operate the valve 182 inan opposite direction to cause the actuator 32 to retract and lower theframe 29. The wheel 37 and probe again will be held in place with asuitable relief valve as explained.

The process repeats with the sealers 83A and 83B opening, the clamps121A and 121B being moved downwardly by operation of the linkage andactuators, and then the heat sealers being reclamped, and the clampingmechanism 121A and 121B being reclamped at a new position on the sheets.Many of the solenoid operated switches have manual bypasses, asillustrated, so that manual cycling can occur if desired. During theoperation, if a sample is not packed into the bag or a sample is notavailable, due to encountering a solid object or some other cause, thesensor 20 that is used for indicating a sample present, along a line201, is activated, and the control unit generates a command which closesa switch 212, to light a warning light 213. The power can then be turnedoff until appropriate adjustment is made manually and then restarted.

The sealed packages containing the soil samples, are again left attachedto each other until one of the containers on the trailer is filled, andthen the containers are cycled, after the plastic sheets are slit, sothat a new container is below the packaging assembly. The sealedpackages can be delivered to a testing station, for processing insequence, with each analysis being keyed into a particular location onthe field as determined by the location of the sampling probe for eachsample and the information provided by the odometer signal. Themicroprocessor controller 165 can record the different location on eachpass as desired and thus analysis in each grid location for individualsoil samples can be tied directly back to that location for fertilizerapplication. Numeral location of samples on each pass also can be usedwith the respective passes being identified by leaving empty packagesbetween the end of one pass and the start of another.

The workstation 219 for sample analysis includes several units asillustrated in FIG. 15, and the important feature is that the individualsamples are maintained throughout the testing so that each sample fromeach grid is individually analyzed, and then the individual needs offertilizer for that grid can be provided.

In FIG. 15, once the packages of individual samples are obtained, thecontainer or string of packages indicated by the box 220 is put througha soil preparation unit 221, which is outlined in dotted lines. Thisincludes the drying of the soil represented by box 222, the crushing andsifting represented by box 223, and the addition of liquid or othercomponents that are necessary for normal soil sampling, and also theweighing of the sample represented by the box 224. The soil samples arethen placed into a number of test procedures, which can be donesequentially, but each individual sample is tested in a pH line,represented by box 225, carbon dioxide represented by box 226; oxides,sand, and clay percentages are determined by box 227; a line fordetermining the mineral nutrients of the soil represented by box 228;humus determining line 229; and a line or station for determining thealkali soluble parts of the humus indicated by box 230. The tests can berun with portions of the sample, or it can be run in sequence, but eachseparate soil sample 65 is analyzed for these various components at aminimum, and additional tests can be conducted as desired.

An interface 231 is provided for the test result outputs, and then thetests are analyzed in a computer 232. The information can be stored inmemory and transferred to disks for use with on board computers of afertilizer applicator or other vehicle. The type of tests can be thosethat are known, or additional tests, as they are developed. The analysiswill give a determination of the amount of fertilizer that is needed forthat particular small grid as exemplified by each soil sample.

FIG. 16 illustrates a functional diagram for types of information thatcan be determined utilizing the functions that were obtained by the soilanalysis. The inputs to the personal computer are is shown. The inputshave been previously described including the location system for thelocation of the samples, the automatic soil sampler, the sealed packagewith the soil samples, and then the work stations that analyze theindividual soil samples. Additional inputs to a computer program can beas those shown including a field map, a data base for fertilizer andpesticides, a data base of field history, and other inputs as desired.The computer memory stores in its data base or as an input, data oncrops (kind of crop, seed variety and price, fertility requirements,estimated price of harvested crops). The computer stores data onfertilizers and well such as type, quantity of the active substance permass unit, and application costs. Herbicide information such as type,unit price, application cost is stored. Also environmental factors suchas heat effect and moisture expected provide input. Other economicfactors can be programmed in. The outputs can be an economic solutionsuch as maximum profit, maximum yield, and minimum possible of appliedfertilizer according to developed programs. Also the application offertilizers and pesticides based on the soil analysis can be determined,as can the quantity and type of fertilizers and pesticides needed. Basedon the soil analysis a program for seeding or sowing seeds in eachindividual grid can be developed.

FIG. 17 is a representation of the application of fertilizer orpesticide, or even seeding based upon the analysis of the individualsoil samples. A program for applying is developed, based on the soilanalysis of each individual sample position where a sample has beentaken. A vehicle fertilizer spreader 11B has an on-board computer 240and a distance sensor 241. The distance sensor can be an odometer thatwould be capable of providing the locations where the soil samples weretaken, when the path shown in FIG. 1 was followed. The path would bemarked in some suitable manner as stated, (such as a furrow, end stakesor navigation aids) so that the vehicle 11B could follow along theprevious path of the soil sampler, at each location of a soil sample.The program for applying indicated at 242 would be based upon theanalysis of the soil, and can be preprogrammed into the memory for thecomputer 240 so that at a particular location a blend of materials fromthree different bins (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) located at244, 246 and 248 would be utilized. The bins would each have a gate ormetering delivery mechanism 244A, 246A, and 248A. The gates are operatedby known actuators at 244B, 246B, and 248B, respectively.

The amount of discharged material from the gate or delivery mechanism244A, 246A, and 248A is sensed by a rate sensor of conventional design,indicated at 244C, 246C, and 248C, respectively. This information is fedback into the on-board computer at 240, and compared with the program ofapplying at each individual location as sensed by the distance sensor241, and the actuators are then adjusted so that the appropriate rate isbeing delivered to the fertilizer spreader of nitrogen, phosphorus, andpotassium, which are the bins 244, 246, and 248, respectively. Theon-board adjustment can also be made in response to navigational inputsfor location of a fertilizer spreader or seeder in the vehicle 11B. Thepath again can be followed precisely so that each grid is provided withthe needed input of fertilizer or seed.

Thus, the automated soil sampler permits rapid sampling at closelocations and by separately packaging and testing the soil sampler, andusing that information for fertilizing at each sample, and thenfollowing the same paths with the fertilizer applicator seeder, orherbicide application, or site specific application are possible.

Although the present invention has been described with reference topreferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize thatchanges may be made in form and detail without departing from the spiritand scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of determining material to apply to andin soil, such as fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and seed, by firstoperating a machine which has a probe for obtaining soil samples and apackaging mechanism on the machine for receiving the obtained soilsamples as the machine is moved along the ground, the soil samples beingremoved along paths at known, identifiable repeatable locations in afield at close intervals to obtain individual soil samples at each ofthe repeatable locations;operating the packing mechanism to receive eachsoil sample sequentially from the probe and automatically individuallypackaging each sample from each location in a closed package formed onthe machine; collecting the packages and providing an identifier foreach package to the identifiable location from which the respective soilsample was obtained; transporting the packages to a soil analyzerstation; analyzing each sample at the automated soil analyzer stationand determining the needs of each soil sample of a selected material tobe applied for the soil to reach a desired condition for the particularmaterial; statistically processing information from the analyzing anddetermining steps and creating of a program of applying determinedquantities of application of the selected material while maintaining theidentifier for the identifiable location; and applying the material in alocal region of a field substantially along the first mentioned pathsbased on the identifier for the identifiable for each soil samplelocation along the respective path of each soil sample as a function ofthe program created.
 2. The method of claim 1, including the step ofproviding a field trace on the field during sampling for followingduring the applying step.
 3. The method of claim 1, including the stepof identifying each soil sample as to the particular field region, andapplying a fertilizer blended in accordance with the needs for theparticular region identified with each soil sample.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, including the step of receiving data on crop yield along thepaths in the same succession as the sampling, and comparing theinformation obtained by the analyzing step with theoretical informationat the automated soil analyzer station, and as part of the statisticalprocessing step correcting coefficients and constants of regressionequations for calculating required amounts of fertilizer, chemical weedand pest-killers and seeds, in the statistical processing step and formaking subsequent programs for applying materials without taking soilsamples, including adjusting amounts for nutrient substances tocompensate for amounts known to be utilized by growing crops.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, including the step of creation of a program ofapplying seeds, fertilizers, chemicals on one field in the pathsestablished by soil sampling procedures of the method.
 6. The method ofclaim 1 and including the step of maintaining the individually packagedsamples in sequence of the sampling on each strip, and correlating theresults of analysis to each sampling location.
 7. A method ofselectively applying material such as fertilizers, pesticides,herbicides, and seed, to soil in a field comprising the stepsof:sampling the soil along a series of paths in the field atidentifiable, known sequential locations at close intervals to obtainindividual identifiable soil samples for each location in a sequencewith a sampling machine that moves over the ground; depositing the soilsamples between two sheets of movable heat sealable material mounted onthe sampling machine and individually packaging the samples from eachsequential location while maintaining packages in the sequence andidentified with respect to the identifiable location, including thesteps of merging said sheet portions of material together, and thepackaging step including heat sealing the sheet portions to enclose thesoil sample in an individual identifiable sealed package on the machine;moving the packages to an analyzer and analyzing each soil sample todetermine the needs of each soil sample of a selected material to beapplied for the field to reach a desired condition for the selectedmaterial in the identifiable location of the soil samples; statisticallyprocessing information relating to the determined quantities ofapplication of the selected material and creating a control program ofapplying material at each location in the field using a materialapplying vehicle responsive to the control program; and retracing thepath and applying the material under control of the control program in alocal region of the field at the identifiable location where eachrespective soil sample was obtained.
 8. The method of claim 7, includingthe step of providing a field trace on the field during sampling andfollowing the trace during the applying step.
 9. The method of claim 7,including the step of identifying each soil sample as to the particularfield region, including in the statistical processing an indicator ofcrop yield in the region where the soil sample was removed and applyinga fertilizer blended in accordance with the needs for the particularregion identified with each soil sample.
 10. The process of claim 7including the step of maintaining the sheet portion in a continuousstrip of a plurality of package during at least part of packagingprocess.